The sweat In world eight out of ten people use Sweet

It appears during exercise or increased ambient temperature. We fight with showers and deodorants. On occasion he has made us a hard time because he has played us security and confidence. But what it is really the sweat? In this special discover what it is, disorders related to it and how to fight.

What is sweat?

Sweating is a liquid comprising water, minerals and toxins produced by sweat glands, which are located in the subcutaneous tissue below the dermis. Sometimes it also consists of aromatics. As explained by José Luis Diaz, president of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology, after eating garlic or sardines sweat can purchase this odor.

There are two types of sweat glands, eccrine and apocrine. The first produce sweat, and have between one and four million of them spread throughout the body, although the exact distribution and amount vary with each individual, says Montserrat Solanas, unity of medical physiology at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Contrary to popular belief, the areas with the greatest abundance is not the armpits, but the back of the hand and fingertips, which can have up to seven hundred glands per square centimeter.

For its part, the apocrine glands are related to sweating caused by emotional causes such as anxiety or stress. They are located in the armpits, mammary glands and perineum; and secrete a milky fluid that is responsible for the body odor of each person expresses the specialist-who also stresses that the sweat does not smell and the odor is caused by the contact between the substances that compose it and the beneficial bacteria lining our skin.

Why do we sweat?

The function of sweat is to regulate body temperature, because when it evaporates from our skin reduces excess heat. Also involved in the removal of substances harmful to health.

According to the professor of sports physiology at the University of the Basque Country, Jon Irazusta, the sweat that is deposited on our skin - which is visible when we make an effort or too hot - not reduce our temperature, since it has not been evaporated.

According to this expert, usually we sweat more than a liter a day at rest, increasing to one liter per hour if we make any exercise. Elite athletes, such as boxers or football players can reach four or five liters per hour.

However, this amount is not stable throughout life, as children and the elderly sweat less than adults. The reason is to be found in the degree of maturity of the fibers of the sympathetic nervous system - which regulates automatic functions such as sweating, pulse, breathing and salivation - that are insufficiently developed in childhood and are lost to as you get older. In addition, external factors such as ambient temperature and humidity

Disorders related to sweat

The major disorder is hyperhidrosis, which occurs when sweat excessively in a particular area, to the point of a social or incapacity occur, as defined by Jordi Peiri, chief of dermatology at Bellviege Hospital. Dr. Peiri emphasizes that affects one in ten thousand.

Jose Luis Diaz, president of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology, argues that it is unclear whether it is a disease, since the appreciation of what is sweat excessively varies depending on the culture and every individual.

A possible future member of the Association of Patients with hyperhidrosis explains that this condition limits in the workplace, because if affects the hands, for example, can be played roles or perform precision tasks. Also it affects social relations by limiting the contact to greet someone, use a public facility - such as bus bars - or driving.

The spokesman notes that this disease can be caused by damage to the autonomic nervous system. Possible highlights the disease tetanus, malaria vaccine, poorly healed wounds and infections. Treatment of hyperhidrosis Dr. Diaz Unlike various types of treatments, including psychotherapy, antiperspirants and iontophoresis, which involves treating the affected area with electric shocks that inhibit the action of the sweat glands for a few days zone. The member of the association denounced this treatment is expensive and is not covered by Social Security.

In more severe cases it can be used botulinum toxin - known as Botox - which stops the function of the sweat glands for six months. The president of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology laments that this drug is illegal in Spain, and it works very well for people suffering from hyperhidrosis in the armpits.

Finally, you can resort to surgery to sever the nerve ganglia that regulate the sweat glands. Dr. Diaz highlighted the risk posed by this intervention - because we have to move the lungs to reach the nerves to be cut - by what can only be performed by specialists.

The spokesman for the association of patients suffering from hyperhidrosis affects the side effects of this intervention, of ensuring that those who undergo it are not always informed. Possible consequences highlights the previously affected area is very dry, as it is totally inhibits sweat and that sweat is offset elsewhere in the body, especially in the back, abdomen and legs.

deodorants

The human being has always been concerned to combat wetness and odor associated with sweat. In ancient Rome, for example, men a scent pad applied under the arms. However, the use of deodorants - they were invented in the late nineteenth century - it did not begin to become widespread until after World War II.

Two basic types of deodorants, compounds primarily alcohol and perfumes and antiperspirants. The first mask the odor controlling the action of bacteria in the armpit, and its effectiveness lasts until disappears perfume. They are the least established on the market, as they have been largely replaced by antiperspirants.

These aluminum bases used for sealing the first layer of the pores and prevent the emission of liquid. Under normal conditions they are effective for 24 hours, although increases sweating, moisture can drag the particles. Its action is not harmful, as we sweat all over the body and not just under the armpits, but can cause irritation of certain furs.

different applications

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"All deodorants are equally effective, so that the preference for one or another form of application is given by the characteristics thereof. Aerosols, for example, leaving a feeling of freshness and also permit their use as perfume, and that can be applied to other parts of the body, "explained from AC Nielsen. This system is the most popular in Spain, according to AC Nielsen. In the months of January and February, eight out of ten were bought deodorant spray. Allergic people can employ gas vaporizers, with the same advantages as these.

Meanwhile, the roll-on - the second type of application best selling 1,300 units in the first two months of the year - it is a product for single use, which is associated with the care of the skin and leaves a wet feeling. The sticks also apply directly and are usually shared, but leave dry waste in the skin, and this displeases some people. The gel shares the properties of the previous two.

Finally, the wipes can be used in emergencies.

Consumer profiles

According to Esther Cañibano, product manager of Nivea deodorant in Spain use this product against odor eight out of ten people, while in the countries of northern Europe used only 60% of the population. In addition, the Spanish prefer softer fragrances, while in Eastern Europe and South America stronger choose to use it to perfume smells.

Age, young people prefer sprays and fragrances more intense. From twenty years you begin using the roll-on, sticks, creams and gels, and the range of marks is very extended.

The trend is to continue using the same application as you get older, although usually occasionally switch brands.